【中英双语】5G时代来临，MIM的机会在何处？

产业的发展离不开CMF（色彩、材料、工艺）

Author | Y. H. Chiou (Dr. Q)/ Y.D. Cho(James) 
作者 | 邱耀弘博士/赵育德Introduction of authors | Dr. Qiu is the leader of MIM industry in Greater China area. Establishment of “You need” technology office with Mr. James in 2019.  We are determined to promote MIM Technology forever. Our advisory services have spread throughout Greater China and Japan. Let us work together for the revitalization of MIM industry in Asia.
作者介绍 | 邱耀弘博士是大中华地区的MIM产业领头人物，与赵育德先生在2019年创立耀德讲堂，矢志为MIM技术而潜力推广，我們的顾问服务已經遍及整个大中华地区與日本，為亚洲地区的MIM产业振兴而努力。

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News

新消息

Two focal points of China's MIM market - the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone in East China and the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone in South China (Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the future). Especially in South China, where smartphones are made in China. This is why MIM products factories in Shenzhen and Dongguan are the most dense areas of the world. It is also the area where several mobile phone manufacturers (OPPO, Vivo, and Huawei, top three of China) and overseas customers (A & G) are the most intensive. Here, there are the latest MIM smartphone parts design and mass production settlements of global.

中国MIM市场的两个具焦点位置 - 华东地区的长三角经济区和华南地区的珠三角经济区(未来是粵港澳大湾区)，尤其是华南地区是中国智能手机的制造重镇，光是在深圳和东莞两地的MIM制品工厂，就是全球密度最高的地域，也正是中国几家手机制造厂(OPPO、Vivo、华为前三大)、海外客户(A & G)公司代工厂最密集的区域。这里，有全球最新的MIM智能手机零件设计并大量生产的聚落。

Of course, everything in here is to meet the next 5G communication efforts.To face the high-speed transmission of 5G era, where is the opportunity for MIM? See Figure 1. Looking at each generation of mobile networks and telecommunications technology upgrades, it happens that there is a corresponding proportional growth relationship with MIM's global gross product. We can say that the upgrade of mobile communication technology alternates with the generation. Due to hardware requirements, MIM technology can meet its requirements. Therefore, MIM industry can rely on the upgrading of mobile communication technology and flourish.
理所当然，在这里的一切无不为了迎接最新的5G通讯到来而努力，在高速传输速度的5G时代来袭，MIM的机会在何方呢？请见图1.，观察移动电话网、通技术的每个世代升级，恰巧与MIM全球总产值有相对应的正比成长关系。我们可以说，移动通信技术的升级与世代交替，由于硬件上的需求，正好MIM技术能够符合其要求，因此MIM产业得以依赖移动通信技术升级而蓬勃发展。

Figure 1. The upgrade of mobile phone network and communication technology generations coincides with the corresponding proportional growth of global MIM gross output.图1. 移动电话网、通技术世代的升级恰巧与全球MIM总产值有相对应的正比成长关系

Destructive Innovation破坏式的创新

Since its advent in the 1970s, MIM technology has destroyed other traditional technologies, such as investment casting, die casting, stamping and machining, in processing of small metal parts. It also suppresses the new rising stars such as liquid metal, 3D metal printing, and so on. Because metal parts are manufactured as quickly and in large quantities as plastics by using the design and processing patterns of plastic injection molding, which has the characteristics of molding and material selection of powder metallurgy. More than 12% shrinkage ratio makes products details clearer of each feature. Small size and light weight coincide with the need to carry and wear electronic devices. The key point is that prices can also keep pace with the smartphone industry and continue to survive. MIM technology has several advantages of destructive innovation.
MIM技术自1970年代问世以来，就是以”破坏是”姿态在小型金属零件的加工席卷其他传统技术，例如精密铸造、压力铸造、冲压与机加工制品，也打压着后起之秀如液态金属、3D金属打印等。因为利用塑料注射成形的设计与加工型态，把金属零件向塑料一样的快速、大量制造出来，并具有造型和粉末冶金材质选型的特色，超过12%收缩比使得产品细节更清晰，在小尺寸与轻薄短小的携带与穿戴电子装置的需求不谋而合，重点是价格还能够屡创新低的跟随智能手机产业延续生命，这便是MIM技术具有破坏式的创新的几个优点。

Requirements from the 5G era5G时代的需求

01 Miniature lifting mechanism微型升降机构

Everyone knows that in order to improve the overall screen ratio of smartphones and avoid copying screen design of “foreigners'”(the placement include：sensors, front camera modules, and receiver). A mechanism using the micro gear reduction module as a hidden camera begins in the second half year of 2018, as shown in Figure 2. The micro gear reduction module has become a highlight of smartphones in 2019 on China. Estimated demand exceeds 2 billion sets of 2019, include: micro gears (less than 1mm in diameter), micro cylindrical gears, and internal gear modules. Total MIM parts have at least 12 parts.
大家很清楚为了提升智能手机全面屏占比，避免抄袭外国人的屏头传感器与前置相机模块的浏海设计，利用微型齿轮减速模块作为隐藏式相机的机构在2018下半年开始，如图2.微型齿轮减速模块，成为2019年中国智能手机的一大亮点，需求超过2亿组，包含微型齿轮(直径小于1mm)、微型柱状齿轮与内齿轮模块，MIM的零件至少有12件。

Figure 2. The micro-gear reduction module, with a small motor drive mechanism, can be used as a lifting mechanism on a portable device, such as a hidden camera or lens zoom.
图2. 微型齿轮减速模块，搭配微小的电机驱动机构升缩，可作为携带装置上的升降机构，例如隐藏式相机或镜头升缩等需求。

02 Strengthen mechanism of camera lens module相机镜头模块强化机构

It seems that MIM technology came to overthrow traditional cameras. A smartphones are based on high-speed communications technology in the 5G era, in addition to sharing wonderful and interesting photos. Camera on smartphones also have many functions like beauty face, Eliminating miscellaneous image, and personal confidentiality authentication. They use multi-lens and sensors to perform all the above functions because of the shortcomings of traditional cameras which have only one lens. Therefore, the lens and sensor are plural outlets, and the correct position of these precise modules between each other is particularly important, as shown in Figure 3. How to make use of high strength and unequal thickness of metal to reinforce locally? In the design of smartphone camera project, a solid, non-residual magnetic, conductive and fast heat dissipation metal material is needed as a design of a combination of several complex functions. Don't forget, many people put their mobile phones in their back pockets. The stress extrusion during the use process should always ensure that the camera function is correct. Only the lens protection ring made by MIM technology is the first choice of mainstream design.
似乎MIM技术就是为了推翻传统照相机而来，智能手机在5G时代的高速通信技术基礎上，除了分享精采有趣的照片外，相机还要担负美颜、過濾雜像、个人保密认证的功能，把原来传统相机只有单镜头的缺点，利用多镜头加上传感器来进行上述功能，因此镜头与传感器是要复数的出口，这些精密的模块彼此之间的位置正确性格外重要，如图3.所示，如何利用金属高强度、不等肉厚局部补强，智能手机相机工程在设计上需要一片坚固不残磁、能导通、快速散热的金属材料，作为几个复杂功能一次组合的设计，别忘了，很多人手机放在后口袋，使用过程的挤压，始终要保证相机功能无误，MIM技术制作的镜头保护圈已经成为主流设计。

Figure 3. Lens protection rings manufactured with MIM technology must ensure the relative positioning of lens modules and sensors, and include a variety of functional requirements: bright appearance, non-residual magnetism, conductivity, thermal conductivity, and even biocompatibility requirements.
图3.以MIM技术制造的镜头保护圈，必须确保镜头模块和传感器的相对正位，还要包含多种功能性要求：外观亮眼、不残磁、能导通、能导热，甚至是生物兼容要求。

03 Integration of intensification and waterproof design of various I/O connector各种I/O接口的强化与防水设计整合

The coming of 5G era, a high-speed transmission smart phone must be in clued an original power switch, volume buttons, signal transmission ports, outlet of the multi-point antennas, and position of the camera module, them need waterproof and dustproof design. With the compatible design of MIM parts combine plastic and silica rubber, users can use their mobile phones safely in desert, rainy day, bathing and hot spring, very easy to share their life pictures with their families and friends. Don't forget that other wearable electronic equipment, such as watches, earphones, sport bracelets, MIM parts plus waterproof and dust-proof design, is absolutely necessary to "destroy".
5G时代的来临，一部高速传输的智能手机除了原来的电源开关、音量按键、信号传输口，多点天线的出口和相机模块升缩位置，都必须进行防水防尘的设计，利用MIM零件设计与塑料、软硅胶的兼容设计，使用者可以在沙漠、雨天、洗澡与泡温泉，都能安心无虞的使用自己手机，分享生活点滴给家人和朋友。别忘了，其他穿戴式电子装备如手表、耳机、运动手环，MIM零件加上防水防尘的设计，绝对是必要的”破坏”。

04 Not only mobile device, 5G system needs more support其他5G时代的装置需求，不只手机

There is a saying that "only one coin will not ring." in China. Yes, terminal equipments of 5G signals have vast industry of smartphones, tablet computers and wearing devices, and a number of signal boxes as the carrier of intermediate transmission, conversion, and indoor/outdoor, mobile tools, above all, all kinds of a huge numbers. With environmental requirements, not traditional plastic materials and sheet metal materials can be competent, we must use MIM metal parts. MIM parts can integrate multiple functions in one design, to simplify the weight loss, light and thin, as well as external decoration design
在中国有句俗语”仅有一个铜板不会响的”，是的，5G信号的终端设备是有广大的智能手机、平板计算机、穿戴装置产业，而作为中间传输转换的载体 – 信号机盒的数量也不在少数，而且室内与户外、移动工具的上面，各种不同环境要求，不是传统塑料材料与板金材料可以胜任的，必须利用MIM金属零件这个可以整合多种功能于一体的设计，来简化减重、轻薄化与外观装饰也要兼具的进行设计。

Material-led MIM Technology材料领军的MIM技术

With the advent of high-speed communication technology in the 5G era, MIM is also facing an important era of hidden needs. Physically, it is difficult to solve the problem with both traditional technology and EMC, heat dissipation, current conduction and mechanism positioning. These problems must be assisted by material science and technology. Therefore, there is a sharp increase in the demand for metal parts with different materials using MIM technology in 5G communication signal receiving boxes, local servers and terminal devices. For example, besides the traditional stainless steel as structural parts, the heat dissipation and electromagnetic isolation function of copper-based alloys and the non-magnetic height of cobalt-based alloys are also required. Strength, magnetic conductivity of nickel-based alloys, high specific gravity tungsten alloy oscillator, and even inexpensive reinforcement function of iron-based alloys structure, etc., constantly bring forth new and destructive innovations to replace the previous design.
在5G时代高速通信技术的来临后，MIM也面临到隐藏性需求的重要时代，在物理上以电磁兼容、散热、电流导通加上机构定位，以传统工艺是难以兼具解决的。这些问题就必须依赖材料科技来协助，因此在5G通信的信号接收盒与局端服务器、终端装置上，采用MIM技术包含不同材料的金属零件需求遽增，如传统的不锈钢作为结构件之外，铜基合金的散热与电磁隔离功能、钴基合金无磁高强度、镍基合金的导磁特性、高比重的钨合金振子、甚至便宜的铁基合金结构补强功能等等，不断的推陈出新以破坏式的创新来取代以往的设计。Before the advent of 5G era, MIM material advancement in the post-4G era includes:细数5G时代来临前，后4G时代MIM材料推进包含：

• P.A.N.A.C.E.A: a high nitrogen nickel-Free stainless steel – it is a non-residual magnetism and high strength Iron-Based Alloy. //高氮无镍不锈钢 – 不残磁高强度的铁基合金        
• D2507 and 904L: stainless steels with high hardness and high brightness - first choice for watch appearance decoration//高硬高亮度不锈钢 – 手表外观装饰首选
• HK30: heat resistant high strength steel. //耐热高强度钢 
• ASTM F75 Co-Cr-Mo Alloy: non-residual magnetic material with high toughness and strength//钴铬钼合金– 高韧性与强度的不残磁材料
• A286:Nickel-based superalloy-high hardness without residual magnetism. //镍基超合金 – 不残磁高硬度
• Inconel 718 & 713: Nickel base superalloy-non-residual magnetic material with high toughness and strength and high temperature resistance. //镍基超合金 – 高韧性与强度的不残磁材料，且耐高温特性
• W-Ni-Fe & W-Ni-Cu W-Ni-Fe and W-Ni-Cu high specific gravity alloys-counterweight and vibration warning. //钨镍铁与钨镍铜高比重合金 –配重与震动提醒
• Cu and copper alloys - heat dissipation and magneto resistance. //铜合金 – 散热与磁阻

Conclusion结 论

MIM will be the best partner for mechanism design in 5G communication with multi-morphology parts and composites. Don't leave the distance behind. MIM technology is always at your side. There are more than 200 MIM products factories in China that can help you enter the 5G era. 
以多形貌零件、复合物理量解决之道，MIM将是5G通信中机构设计最佳的伙伴，别舍近求远，MIM的技术随时在您的身边，在中国有超过200家的MIM制品厂能协助你进入5G时代呢~
素材来源 | 粉末冶金及硬质合金展

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